Cervical Myelopathy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Introduction

Cervical myelopathy is a condition that affects the spinal cord in your neck. It happens when the spinal cord gets squeezed or compressed. Because the spinal cord controls many body functions, this condition can cause many problems. Early detection is important. In the United States, cervical myelopathy is a leading cause of spinal cord issues in adults. Understanding this condition can help you seek care sooner and protect your health.

Symptoms

Cervical myelopathy can cause a range of symptoms. Sometimes, these signs appear slowly. Other times, they come on quickly. Knowing the symptoms of cervical myelopathy can help you spot the problem early. Common symptoms include:

Neck pain or stiffness

Numbness or tingling in your hands, arms, or legs

Weakness in your arms or legs

Loss of balance or trouble walking

Clumsiness or dropping things often

Problems with bladder or bowel control

However, not everyone has all these symptoms. If you notice any of these signs, it is wise to talk to a doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Cervical myelopathy happens when the spinal cord in your neck is pressed or squeezed. Several things can cause this compression. The most common causes include:

Wear and tear from aging (degenerative changes)

Herniated discs in the neck

Bone spurs (extra bone growth)

Spinal injuries or trauma

Rheumatoid arthritis or other joint diseases

Tumors near the spinal cord

Some people have a higher risk of cervical myelopathy. For example, older adults are more likely to develop it. People with a history of neck injuries or arthritis also face higher risk. In addition, those with a narrow spinal canal may develop symptoms sooner.

Diagnosis

Doctors use several steps to diagnose cervical myelopathy. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. During the exam, they check your strength, reflexes, and balance. If cervical myelopathy is suspected, doctors may order tests such as:

MRI scan to see the spinal cord and nerves

CT scan or X-rays to look at bones and discs

Electrodiagnostic tests to check nerve function

These tests help doctors find the cause and plan the best treatment for cervical myelopathy.

Treatment Options

Treatment for cervical myelopathy depends on how severe your symptoms are. Sometimes, mild cases can be managed without surgery. However, severe cases often need surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Common treatment options include:

Physical therapy to improve strength and balance

Pain medicines or anti-inflammatory drugs

Wearing a soft neck collar for short periods

Surgery to remove pressure from the spinal cord

Early treatment can prevent further nerve damage. Therefore, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice closely.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent cervical myelopathy, some steps may help lower your risk. For example, you can:

Practice good posture to protect your neck

Exercise regularly to keep your neck and back strong

Avoid heavy lifting or sudden neck movements

Use proper safety gear during sports or work

Manage chronic conditions like arthritis

Additionally, seeing your doctor for regular check-ups can help catch problems early.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice symptoms like numbness, weakness, or trouble walking, you should see a doctor soon. Sudden loss of bladder or bowel control is an emergency. In that case, seek medical help right away. Early diagnosis and treatment for cervical myelopathy can prevent serious problems.

Conclusion

Cervical myelopathy is a serious condition, but early care can make a big difference. If you have symptoms or risk factors, do not wait. Consult a specialist for personalized guidance and treatment options. Your health and quality of life matter.